Associação entre síndrome metabólica e rigidez arterial / Association between metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é considerada um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares por promover mudanças biomecânicas nas paredes dos vasos que acarretam rigidez arterial (RA). Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a síndrome metabólica e rigidez arterial. Além de descrever a população de estudo segundo características sociodemográficas e clínicas. Métodos: Estudos transversal de base populacional, na área restrita do Vale do Ogunjá, Salvador-Bahia. Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos, por meio de questionário e dados clínicos. A VOP foi avaliada por tonometria de aplanação com o aparelho SphygmoCor® (AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, New South Wales, Austrália). Foram obtidas medidas de frequência e descritivas de central e dispersão, e o teste Qui-quadrado para análise estatística. Resultados: A VOP alterada foi mais prevalente em indivíduos que foram diagnosticados com a síndrome metabólica (37,2%), com uma razão de prevalência 2,0 vezes maiores quando comparados aos indivíduos hígidos (IC95%: 0,86 ­ 4,45). Houve também maior prevalência da RA no sexo masculino (30,4%), na faixa etária entre 40 a 74 anos (38,7%), em autodeclarados preto/pardo (27,4%), em divorciados/viúvos (38,9%) e com baixo nível de escolaridade (38,5%). As diferenças proporcionais entre os indivíduos com e sem rigidez arterial foram estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis escolaridade (p=0,022), faixa etária (p=0,001) e hipertensão arterial (p=0,000). Por outro lado, não foram encontradas diferenças proporcionais estatisticamente significantes (p>0,05) entre as variáveis sexo, cor e estado civil, assim como para a síndrome metabólica e as variáveis que fazem parte da sua definição (hipertrigliceridemia, HDL, glicemia de jejum e obesidade abdominal), com exceção da hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: Apesar da maior prevalência de rigidez arterial em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica, não foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significante entre essas duas variáveis. Foi possível verificar uma associação estatisticamente significante entre a hipertensão arterial, indivíduos com idade mais avançada e com baixo nível de escolaridade e a rigidez arterial. (AU)

iomechanical changes in the walls of the vessels that cause arterial stiffness (AR). Objetive: Analyze the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and arterial stiffness and to characterize the study population according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based studies, in the restricted area of Vale do Ogunjá, Salvador-Bahia. Sociodemographic data, through questionnaire and clinical data were obtained. A PWV was evaluated by applanation tonometry using the device SphygmoCor® (AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, New South Wales, Australia). Frequency and descriptive measurements of central and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square test to statistical analysis. Results: The altered PWV was more prevalent in individuals who were diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (37.2%), with a prevalence ratio 2.0 times higher when compared to healthy individuals (95% CI: 0.86 - 4.45). There was also a higher prevalence of AR in males (30.4%), aged between 40 and 74 years (38.7%), in self-declared black / brown (27.4%), in divorced / widowed (38, 9%) and with a low level of education (38.5%). The proportional differences between individuals with and without arterial stiffness were statistically significant between the variables education (p = 0.022), age group (p = 0.001) and arterial hypertension (p = 0.000). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant proportional differences (p> 0.05) between the variables gender, color and marital status, as well as for the metabolic syndrome and the variables that are part of its definition (hypertriglyceridemia, HDL, blood glucose) fasting and abdominal obesity), with the exception of arterial hypertension. Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of arterial stiffness in individuals with metabolic syndrome, no statistically significant association was found between these two variables. It was possible to verify a statistically significant association between arterial hypertension, individuals with older age and with low level of education and arterial stiffness.

Association of acute COVID-19 with 24 hours-pulse wave velocity in cameroonian workers

Introduction. COVID-19appears to have a vascular tropism responsible for diffuse vasculitis-like cell damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of Sars-Cov-2 infection on arterial stiffness.Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional analytical case-controlstudy with 1:1 matching (1 case to 1 control) over a six-month period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 at the medical-social centerof the autonomous port of Douala. We measured the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in two groups of patients (group 1: COVID-19and group 2: non-COVID-19) using a MOBIL-O-GRAPH 24h PWA MonitorTM. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Result. A total of 122 patients (61 COVID-19and 61 non-covid) were included in this study, among which 68 (55.7%) male. The mean age was 41±11 years. PWV as well as POV adjusted for age and mean BP were similar in both groups. The mean 24-hour, diurnal and nocturnal PWV were slightly higher in COVID-19patients than in controls by 0.1 m/s (p=0.67), 0.2m/s (p=0.37) and 0.2m/s (p=0.25) respectively. COVID-19infection was not significantly associated with PWV (p=0.082).Conclusion. PWV were slightly higher in COVID-19patients and increased arterial stiffness was not significantly associated with COVID-19status in the acute phase of infection.

Genotype-environment interaction on arterial stiffness: A pedigree-based study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects.@*METHODS@#Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.

Impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure on all-cause mortality / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and pulse pressure (PP) on all-cause mortality. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. Individuals participated in the Kailuan Study and completed baPWV measurements between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. After stratifying by sex, 75th percentile baPWV and PP values for different age group were calculated at five years interval. BaPWV and PP values below the 75th percentile were defined as normal, and those above or equal to the 75th percentile were defined as increased. The participants were allocated to four groups according to their PP and baPWV status: normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the impact of individual and combined assessment of baPWV and PP on all-cause mortality events. Results: A total of 39 339 participants were enrolled in this study, aged (49.3±12.8) years, of which 28 731 (73.03%) were males. There were 23 268, 6 025, 6 210 and 3 836 cases in the normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group, respectively. The average follow-up duration was (4.98±2.53) years. During the follow-up period, all-cause mortality occurred in 998 individuals. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed increased risk of all-cause mortality in the high baPWV/normal PP group (HR=1.27, 95%CI 1.07-1.50), and in the high baPWV/PP group (HR=1.33, 95%CI 1.08-1.65) compared to the normal baPWV/PP group. Increased pulse pressure alone had no impcat on all-cause death (HR=1.06, 95%CI 0.87-1.29). Conclusions: The risk of all-cause mortality significantly increases with increased age-and sex-specific baPWV and PP values. BaPWV may be a better predictor of all-cause mortality than PP in this cohort.

Associação entre trabalho em turnos, pressão arterial central e rigidez arterial de profissionais da equipe de enfermagem / Association between shift work, central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in nursing staff

Introdução: O mundo globalizado, a ampliação da produção de bens e prestação serviços e a sociedade ininterruptamente ativa afetaram o contexto social e a organização do trabalho, ampliando jornadas de trabalho para além dos horários diurnos. As atividades laborais ou sociais prolongam o tempo de alerta, inclusive durante à noite, o que pode causar alteração nos ritmos biológicos e efeitos adversos à saúde, predispondo ao desenvolvimento de distúrbios metabólicos, mentais e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, especialmente as doenças cardiovasculares. Várias categorias profissionais trabalham em turnos, mas os trabalhadores da área de saúde têm sua atuação intrinsecamente relacionada a turnos noturnos, estando expostos ao desenvolvimento precoce de desfechos cardiovasculares adversos. Objetivo: Determinar se existe associação entre o turno de trabalho, pressão arterial central e rigidez arterial de profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: Foram realizados três sub estudos. O primeiro foi uma revisão sistemática sobre o trabalho em turnos e a rigidez arterial precoce. O segundo e o terceiro estudos foram de desenho transversal realizados em profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital escola da cidade de Maceió-Alagoas. Os profissionais foram entrevistados e caracterizados sócio demograficamente, quanto às condições de saúde, hábitos de vida, percepção de estresse, escalas de trabalho e cronotipo. Foi realizada avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico e foram avaliados os parâmetros de pressão arterial braquial, central e rigidez arterial, por métodos não invasivos. Os profissionais foram submetidos a análises dos padrões de sono e vigília, por actigrafia, associado a um diário de atividade e repouso. Os dados resultantes foram apresentados como média e desvio padrão para as variáveis quantitativas e frequências relativas e absolutas para as variáveis categóricas. O segundo artigo testou a associação entre a duração total do sono e três desfechos: a velocidade da onda de pulso, o augmentation index e a pressão arterial central. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise de spline cúbico de três nós. O terceiro artigo examinou a associação de forma direta ou mediada entre os anos de exposição ao trabalho noturno e a rigidez arterial, por meio da análise de caminhos. Resultados: A análise dos onze artigos incluídos na revisão sistemática não trouxe evidências suficientes para afirmar que o trabalho em turnos aumenta de forma independente a rigidez arterial em trabalhadores em turnos. No segundo estudo, a duração do sono de trabalhadores em turnos foi associada, na forma de curva em U, com o augmentation index; indicando haver risco de funcionalidade vascular alterada associada a menor ou maior duração do sono. No terceiro estudo, a exposição ao trabalho em turnos foi associada, por mediação do jet lag social, com maiores valores de velocidade da onda de pulso, que prediz maior risco cardiovascular. O jet lag social, também foi associado a mais alta percepção de estresse e maior duração do sono. Considerações finais: As modificações dos indicadores de função vascular encontrados, se somados a características individuais de sexo, idade, fatores genéticos, maior ou menor tolerância ao trabalho noturno, bem como manutenção ou não de hábitos de vida saudáveis, podem potencializar riscos cardiovasculares nos profissionais que trabalham em turnos.

Introduction: The globalized world, the expansion of the production of goods and services and the uninterruptedly active society have affected the social context and the organization of work, extending working hours beyond the daytime hours. Working or social activities have prolonged alertness time, including during the night, which can cause changes in biological rhythms and adverse effects on health, predisposing to the development of metabolic and mental disorders and non-transmissible chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Several professional categories work in shifts, but health care workers have their performance intrinsically related to night shifts, being exposed to the early development of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Objective: To determine whether there is an association between work shift, central blood pressure and arterial stiffness of nursing staff professionals. Methods: Three sub-studies were conducted. The first was a systematic review on shift work and early arterial stiffness. The second and third studies were of cross-sectional design carried out in professionals of the nursing team of a teaching hospital in the city of Maceió-Alagoas. The professionals were interviewed and characterized socio-demographically, regarding health conditions, life habits, perception of stress, work schedules and chronotype. The anthropometric nutritional status was evaluated and the brachial and central arterial pressure and arterial stiffness parameters were assessed by non-invasive methods. The professionals were submitted to analyses of sleep and wakefulness patterns, by actigraphy, associated with an activity and rest diary. The resulting data were presented as mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and relative and absolute frequencies for categorical variables. The second article tested the association between total sleep duration and three outcomes: pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and central blood pressure. For this purpose, three-node cubic spline analysis was performed. The third paper examined the direct or mediated association between years of exposure to night work and arterial stiffness, using pathway analysis. Results: Analysis of the eleven articles included in the systematic review did not yield sufficient evidence to state that shift work independently increases arterial stiffness in shift workers. In the second study, sleep duration of shift workers was associated, in the form of a U-curve, with augmentation index, indicating that there is a risk of altered vascular functionality associated with shorter or longer sleep duration. In the third study, exposure to shift work was associated, through mediation of social jet lag, with higher pulse wave velocity values, which predicts higher cardiovascular risk. Jet lag was also associated with higher perceived stress and longer sleep duration. Final considerations: The changes in the vascular function indicators found, when added to individual characteristics of sex, age, genetic factors, greater or lesser tolerance to night work, as well as maintainance or not of healthy life habits, may potentiate cardiovascular risks in shift-workers.

Value of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the application of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity.@*METHODS@#Random sampling combined with convenience sampling was used to obtain research samples, and then the samples were divided into an obesity group (23 cases), an overweight group (21 cases), and a normal group (24 cases). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging was used to measure the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the left ventricle. An automatic arteriosclerosis tester was used to measure ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). These parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation of three-dimensional speckle-tracking parameters with ABI and baPWV was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in GLS, GRS, and GCS between the obesity and normal groups (P>0.05). The overweight group had a significantly higher GLS than the normal group [(-24±7) vs (-19±12), P<0.05]. The obesity and overweight groups had a significantly lower ABI than the normal group [(1.00±0.09)/(1.09±0.13) vs (2.25±0.13), P<0.05). The obesity group had a significantly higher baPWV than the normal group [(978±109) vs (905±22), P<0.05]. In the children with obesity, GLS was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.516, P<0.05) , but not correlated with ABI (P>0.05), and GCS and GRS had no significant correlation with ABI or baPWV (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are varying degrees of changes in left ventricular systolic function and peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity, and there is a certain correlation between them.

Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes for coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve model / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve model. A retrospective comparison was made between 366 postmenopausal CHD patients from August 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, in the Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, who were divided into the blood stasis syndrome group(n=196) and the non-blood stasis syndrome group(n=170). General clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to probe the correlation of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), ankle-brachial index(ABI), and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD), and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with baPWV, ABI, and FMD were 1.123, 0.109, and 0.719, respectively(P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.001),and the regression equation for predicting probability P was P=1/[1+e~(-(3.131+0.116×baPWV-2.217×ABI-0.330×FMD))]. ROC curve analysis suggested that in the context of baPWV≥19.19 m·s~(-1) or ABI≤1.22 or FMD≤9.7%, it was of great significance to predict the diagnosis of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women. The AUC of baPWV, ABI, FMD, and prediction probability P was 0.763, 0.607, 0.705, and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of prediction probability P was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.888 and 0.647, respectively. The results demonstrate that baPWV, ABI, and FMD are independently correlated with CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women, and show certain independent predictive abilities(P<0.05). The combined evaluation of the three possesses the best diagnostic efficiency.

Quantitative analysis of the effect of contact pressure on the reflection characteristics of radial pressure wave / 生物医学工程学杂志

The radial artery pulse wave contains a wealth of physiological and pathological information about the human body, and non-invasive studies of the radial artery pulse wave can assess arterial vascular elasticity in different age groups.The piezoelectric pulse wave transducers were used to non-invasively acquire radial artery pulse waves at different contact pressures in young and middle-aged and elderly populations. The radial artery waveforms were decomposed using a triangular blood flow model fitting method to obtain forward and reflected waves and calculate reflection parameters. Finally a correlation analysis and regression analysis of the contact pressure Psensor with the reflection parameters was carried out. The results showed that the reflection parameters RM, RI and Rd had a strong negative correlation with Psensor in both types of subjects, and the correlation coefficients and slopes of the regression curves were significantly different between the two types of subjects (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, excessive contact pressure on the transducer should be avoided when detecting radial artery reflection waves in clinical practice. The results also show that the magnitude of the slope of the regression curve between the reflection parameters and the transducer contact pressure may be a potentially useful indicator for quantifying the elastic properties of the vessel.

Qualidade de vida e índices de rigidez arterial em pacientes com isquemia crônica ameaçadora ao membro / Quality of life and arterial stiffness indices in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Introdução: Os fatores associados ao comprometimento da qualidade de vida em pacientes com isquemia crônica ameaçadora ao membro não estão bem estabelecidos. Objetivo: Verificar se existe associação entre a qualidade de vida e os índices de rigidez arterial, velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) e o índice de aumentação normalizado para a frequência cardíaca de 75 bpm (AIx@75). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, com a participação de 17 pacientes (65,65 ±11,79 anos) com isquemia crônica ameaçadora ao membro definida pela classificação de Rutherford 4, 5 e 6, e com o índice tornozelo-braço (ITB) < 0,80. A avaliação dos parâmetros vasculares e os índices de rigidez arterial foram realizadas com o aparelho Mobil-O-Graph ® que gera a onda de pulso aórtica a partir da oscilometria da artéria braquial. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário Vascular quality of life questionaire (VascuQoL-6), versão curta, desenvolvido especificamente para avaliar pacientes com comprometimento circulatório, arterial ou venoso. Resultados: Os valores do ITB e do escore de qualidade de vida foram 0,48 ± 0,14 e 15,88 ± 1,03; respectivamente. Dos 17 pacientes, 12 apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistólica e dezesseis apresentaram a VOP maior que 10 m/s. Não foram observadas correlações entre o escore de qualidade de vida com o AIx@75 (p=0,54 e r=0,16), a VOP (p=0,332 e r=0,248) e o ITB (p=0,707 e r=0,098). Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que pacientes com isquemia crônica ameaçadora ao membro apresentam comprometimento importante da qualidade de vida sem associação com os índices de rigidez arterial e ITB.

Introduction: The factors associated with impaired quality of life in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia are not well established. Objective: Check whether there is an association between quality of life and arterial stiffness indexes, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index corrected to 75 beats per minute heart rate (AIx@75). Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study, with the participation of 17 patients (65.65 ± 11.79 years) with chronic limb-threatening ischemia defined by the Rutherford classification 4, 5 and 6, and with the ankle-arm index (ABI) < 0.80. The evaluation of vascular parameters and arterial stiffness indeces was performed with the MobilO-Graph ® device that generates the aortic pulse wave from the brachial artery oscillometry. Quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire Vascular quality of life questionaire (VascuQoL-6), short version, developed specifically to evaluate patients with circulatory, arterial or venous involvement. Results: The values of the ITB and the quality of life score were 0.48 ± 0.14 and 15.88 ± 1.03; respectively. Of the 17 patients, 12 had systolic arterial hypertension and sixteen had PWV greater than 10 m / s. No correlations were observed between the quality of life score with AIx @ 75 (p = 0.54 and r = 0.16), PWV (p = 0.332 and r = 0.248) and ABI (p = 0.707 and r = 0.098). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia present significant impairment of quality of life without association with arterial stiffness and ABI.

Global endothelial function assessment using pulse wave analysis in hypercholesterolemia

To compare global endothelial function assessed by pulse wave analysis (PWA) using the ratio of endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDV) to endothelium independent vasodilatation (EIV) in patients with hypercholesterolemia and controls. 92 subjects [46 hypercholesterolemics, 46 controls] were studied at standardized conditions. Baseline augmentation index (AIx) was assessed followed by the administration of 0.5 mg sublingual nitroglycerine, an endothelium independent vasodilator. AIx was assessed and the maximum change in AIx after nitroglycerine was recorded as EIV. After a washout period of 30 minutes, 400 µg of inhaled salbutamol, an endothelium dependent vasodilator was administered. AIx was assessed again and the maximum change in AIx after salbutamol was recorded as EDV. Global endothelial function was calculated as EDV:EIV ratio. EDV and EIV in patients with hypercholesterolemia compared to controls were 2.97 ± 3.95 and 6.65 ± 3.80 (p<0.001); and 13.41 ± 4.57 and 15.88 ± 4.78 (p=0.01) respectively. EDV:EIV ratio was significantly reduced in patients with hypercholesterolemia compared to controls; 0.21 ± 0.38 and 0.44 ± 0.24 (p<0.001) respectively. EDV:EIV ratio was significantly reduced in patients with hypercholesterolemia compared to controls. PWA is a potential clinical tool to assess global endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterole

Rigidez Arterial e Funções Miocárdicas do Ventrículo Esquerdo em Crianças com Válvula Aórtica Bicúspide Funcional / Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Myocardial Function in Children with a Well-Functioning Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Resumo Fundamento: A rigidez arterial é um importante preditor de aortopatia e remodelamento miocárdico em pacientes com válvula aórtica bicúspide, podendo estar aumentada na infância. Objetivo: Avaliar a rigidez arterial e a função miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo em crianças com válvula aórtica bicúspide funcional. Métodos: Quarenta e quatro crianças com válvula aórtica bicúspide e 41 pares saudáveis com válvula aórtica tricúspide foram incluídos neste estudo caso-controle. Foram obtidos os diâmetros e os escores-z relacionados da raiz aórtica e da aorta ascendente. Quanto à função miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo, juntamente com as velocidades de fluxo mitral e parâmetros do Modo M, as velocidades miocárdicas e os intervalos de tempo foram avaliados com Doppler tecidual. A análise da onda de pulso foi realizada por aparelho oscilométrico (Mobil-o-Graph). Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: O índice da massa ventricular esquerda, a velocidade A do fluxo mitral, o diâmetro e o escore z da aorta ascendente e o índice de desempenho miocárdico estavam significativamente maiores nos pacientes (p = 0,04, p = 0,02, p = 0,04, p <0,001 e p <0,001 respectivamente). O índice de desempenho miocárdico correlacionou-se positivamente com o diâmetro da aorta ascendente e a velocidade A (r=0,272; p=0,01, r=356; p=0,001, respectivamente). A análise multivariada revelou que o índice de desempenho miocárdico estava relacionado ao diâmetro da aorta ascendente (p = 0,01). O índice de aumento e a velocidade da onda de pulso foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p> 0,05). Conclusão: De acordo com a análise da onda de pulso oscilométrico, as crianças com válvula aórtica bicúspide funcional apresentam rigidez arterial semelhante a seus pares saudáveis. O diâmetro da aorta ascendente foi estabelecido como preditor independente da função miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo. A rigidez arterial pode não ser um fator de risco grave em pacientes pediátricos sem dilatação acentuada da aorta ascendente.

Abstract Background: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor factor of aortopathy and myocardial remodeling in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve and it might be increased in childhood. Objective: To assess the arterial stiffness and left ventricular myocardial function in children with a well-functioning bicuspid aortic valve. Methods: Forty-four children with a bicuspid aortic valve and 41 healthy peers with a tricuspid aortic valve were included in this case-control study. Diameters and the related z-scores of the aortic root and ascending aorta were obtained. As for the left ventricular myocardial function, along with the mitral inflow velocities and M-Mode parameters, myocardial velocities and time intervals were assessed with tissue Doppler imaging. A pulse wave analysis was performed by oscillometric device (Mobil-o-Graph). A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The left ventricular mass index, mitral inflow A velocity, diameter and z-score of the ascending aorta, and myocardial performance index were significantly higher in patients (p=0.04, p=0.02,p=0.04, p<0.001,and p<0.001 respectively). The myocardial performance index was positively correlated with the diameter of the ascending aorta and A velocity (r=0.272;p=0.01, r=356;p=0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that the myocardial performance index was related to the ascending aorta diameter (p=0.01). The augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the oscillometric pulse wave analysis, the children with a well-functioning bicuspid aortic valve had similar arterial stiffness to that of the healthy peers. The ascending aorta diameter was established as an independent predictor of left ventricular myocardial function. Arterial stiffness may not be a severe risk factor in pediatric patients without marked ascending aorta dilation.

Associação da Composição Corporal com Rigidez Arterial em Longevos / Association of Body Composition with Arterial Stiffness in Long-lived People

Resumo Fundamento Pouco se conhece sobre a relação entre sarcopenia e hemodinâmica central em idosos longevos. Objetivo Estudar a relação da rigidez arterial com a composição corporal em idosos longevos. Métodos A composição corporal foi avaliada por meio da absortometria de Raio X de dupla energia (DEXA) e dos parâmetros de circulação central (PCC) obtidos por método oscilométrico não invasivo, com o Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA Monitor®. Os parâmetros centrais avaliados foram: velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), augmentation index (AIx), índice de amplificação da pressão de pulso (iAPP) e pressão de pulso central (PPc). Estes foram correlacionados com massa magra total (MM) e apendicular (MA), percentual de gordura corporal e índice de Baumgartner (IB). Aceitou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram 124 longevos, com idade média de 87,1 anos (DP±4,3 anos), sendo 74,2% mulheres e 57,3% brancos. Houve correlação inversa do AIx com as variáveis MM (r = - 0,391, p < 0,001), MA (r= -0,378, p< 0,001) e IB (r = -0,258, p 0,004). A PPc apresentou associação inversa com MM (r= -0,268, p =0,003), MA (r=-0,288, p= 0,001) e IB (r= -0,265, p = 0,003). Houve relação direta apenas entre AIx e percentual de gordura corporal (r= 0,197, p= 0,029). Conclusão Em idosos longevos, o percentual de gordura corporal se associa diretamente com a rigidez arterial e tem associação inversa com a quantidade de MM. Esses achados podem estar associados ao maior risco cardiovascular.

Abstract Background Arterial stiffness, obesity and sarcopenia correlate with each other and with cardiac outcomes in younger adults. However, there is little evidence of the association between body composition and markers of central arteries stiffness in long-lived people. Objective To evaluate the relationship between arterial stiffness and body composition in functionally independent long-lived individuals. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the association between markers of arterial stiffness and body composition among participants in a longitudinal cohort of elderly individuals aged 80 years or older who were functionally independent and lived in the community . Body composition measurements were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and central circulation parameters (CCP) obtained by a non-invasive oscillometric method through the Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA Monitor® device. The central parameters evaluated were: pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation Index (AIx), pulse pressure amplification index (PPAi) and central pulse pressure (cPP). These were correlated to total lean mass (LM) and appendicular lean mass (aLM), body fat percentage, and Baumgartner's Index (BI). The level of significance was set at 5% for all tests. Results Data from 124 elderly people with a mean age of 87.1 years (SD ± 4.3 years) were analyzed, with 74.2% of women and 57.3% of white. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation of AIx with LM (r = -0.391, p <0.001), aLM (r = -0.378, p <0.001), and BI (r = -0.258, p = 0.004). Also, cPP had an inversely proportional association with LM (r = -0.268, p = 0.003), aLM (r = -0.288, p = 0.001), and BI (r = -0.265, p = 0.003). When assessing the relationship between fat mass and CCP, a statistically significant direct relationship was observed only between AIx and body fat percentage (r = 0.197, p = 0.029). Conclusion In long-lived people, body fat percentage is directly associated with arterial stiffness and inversely associated with the amount of LM. These findings may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Interleukin-8 is increased in chronic kidney disease in children, but not related to cardiovascular disease / A Interleucina-8 é aumentada na doença renal crônica em crianças, mas não se relaciona a doença cardiovascular

Abstract Introduction: In this study, we aimed to detect the cytokine that is involved in the early stage of chronic kidney disease and associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods: We included 50 patients who were diagnosed with predialytic chronic kidney disease and 30 healthy pediatric patients in Ege University Medical Faculty Pediatric Clinic, İzmir/Turkey. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and transforming grow factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels (pg/mL) were measured by ELISA. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (Aix), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were evaluated as markers of cardiovascular disease. The presence of a cardiovascular disease marker was defined as an abnormality in any of the parameters (cIMT, PWV, Aix, and left ventricular mass index (SVKI)). The patient group was divided into two groups as with and without cardiovascular disease. Results: Mean Aix and PWV values were higher in CKD patients than controls (Aix: CKD 32.8±11.11%, healthy subjects: 6.74±6.58%, PWV CKD: 7.31±4.34m/s, healthy subjects: 3.42±3.01m/s, respectively; p=0.02, p=0.03). The serum IL-8 levels of CKD were significantly higher than of healthy subjects 568.48±487.35pg/mL, 33.67±47.47pg/mL, respectively (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-1, in CKD patients with and without cardiovascular disease (p> 0.05). Discussion: IL-8 is the sole cytokine that increases in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease among other cytokines (IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β1). However, we did not show that IL-8 is related to the presence of cardiovascular disease.

Resumo Introdução: Neste estudo, o objetivo foi detectar a citocina envolvida no estágio inicial da doença renal crônica e associada à doença cardiovascular. Métodos: Incluímos 50 pacientes diagnosticados com doença renal crônica pré-dialítica e 30 pacientes pediátricos saudáveis na Clínica Pediátrica da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Ege, İzmir/Turquia. Níveis de interleucina-8 (IL-8), interleucina-10 (IL-10), interleucina-13 (IL-13), fator de transformação do crescimento -β1 (TGF-β1) (pg/mL) foram medidos por ELISA. Velocidade de onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (VOP), índice de amplificação (AIx), espessura da camada íntima-média da carótida (cIMT), índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE) foram avaliados como marcadores de doença cardiovascular. A presença de marcador de doença cardiovascular foi definida como uma anormalidade em qualquer dos parâmetros (cIMT, VOP, AIx, índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE)). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos como com e sem doença cardiovascular. Resultados: Valores médios de AIx e VOP foram maiores em pacientes com DRC que nos controles (AIx: DRC: 32,8±11,11%, indivíduos saudáveis: 6,74±6,58%, VOP: DRC: 7,31±4,34m/s, indivíduos saudáveis: 3,42±3,01m/s, respectivamente; p=0,02, p=0,03). Níveis séricos de IL-8 de DRC foram significativamente maiores que de indivíduos saudáveis 568,48±487,35pg/mL, 33,67±47,47pg/mL, respectivamente (p<0,001). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-1, em pacientes com DRC com e sem doença cardiovascular (p> 0,05). Discussão: IL-8 é a única citocina que aumenta em pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica entre outras citocinas (IL-10, IL-13 e TGF-β1). Entretanto, IL-8 não se associou à presença de doença cardiovascular.

Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using central hemodynamic indices among elderly people: systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite widespread usage of central blood pressure assessment its predictive value among elderly people remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the capacity of central hemodynamic indices for predicting future all-cause and cardiovascular hard outcomes among elderly people. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis developed at the Del Cuore cardiology clinic, in Antonio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: 312 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 35 studies were included for systematic review. The studies included needed to report at least one central hemodynamic index among patients aged 60 years or over. RESULTS: For all-cause mortality, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and central systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significant, respectively with standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.85 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.69-1.01; I2 96%; P < 0.001); and SMD 0.27 (95% CI 0.15-0.39; I2 77%; P 0.012). For cardiovascular mortality brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), central SBP and carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) were significant, respectively SMD 0.67 (95% CI 0.40-0.93; I2 0%; P 0.610); SMD 0.65 (95% CI 0.48- 0.82; I2 80%; P 0.023); and SMD 0.51 (95% CI 0.32-0.69; I2 85%; P 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis results showed that aPWV was promising for predicting all-cause mortality, while baPWV and central SBP demonstrated consistent results in evaluating cardiovascular mortality outcomes. Thus, the findings support usage of central blood pressure as a risk predictor for hard outcomes among elderly people. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: RD42018085264

Alterações da Rigidez Arterial em Pacientes com Estenose Aórtica Grave Submetidos à Cirurgia de Troca Valvar / Arterial Stiffness Changes in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients Submitted to Valve Replacement Surgery

Resumo Fundamento: Pouco se sabe sobre o impacto da estenose aórtica (EA) grave na rigidez aórtica e se ocorre alguma alteração após a remoção da barreira de EA com a cirurgia de substituição da válvula aórtica (SVA). Objetivo: Estimar as mudanças na velocidade de onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (VOP) após a cirurgia de SVA e definir os preditores de VOP alta em pacientes com EA grave. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo unicêntrico, incluindo pacientes com EA grave submetidos à cirurgia de SVA com bioprótese, entre fevereiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2019, e medições da VOP (Complior®) antes e depois do procedimento (2±1 meses). Antes e depois da SVA, os valores da VOP foram comparados por meio de testes pareados. foram analisadas as associações de VOP com dados clínicos, bem como aplicados modelos de regressão linear multivariada para estimar os preditores independentes da VOP pré- e pós-operatória. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos na amostra 150 pacientes, com média de idade de 72±8 anos, sendo 51% deles do sexo masculino. Identificamos um aumento estatisticamente significativo nos valores de VOP após a cirurgia (9,0 ± 2,1 m/s vs. 9,9 ± 2,2, p<0,001, antes e depois da SVA, respectivamente) e uma associação inversa com as variáveis de gravidade da EA. No modelo de regressão linear multivariada, idade e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foram estabelecidas como preditores independentes da VOP pré- e pós-operatória mais alta, enquanto o gradiente valvar médio mais alto foi considerado um determinante da VOP pré-SVA mais baixa. Conclusão: Identificamos uma correlação inversa da rigidez arterial com a gravidade da EA em pacientes acometidos, e um aumento significativo nos valores da VOP após a cirurgia de SVA. Idade avançada e PAS elevada foram associadas a valores mais altos da VOP, embora as medidas de função arterial estivessem dentro da normalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3):475-476)

Abstract Background: Little is known about the impact of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in aortic stiffness and if there is any change after removing AS barrier with aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery. Objective: To estimate carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) changes after AVR surgery and to define PWV predictors in severe AS patients. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort, including patients with severe AS who underwent AVR surgery with bioprostheses, between February 2017 and January 2019 and performed PWV measurements (Complior®) before and after the procedure (2±1 months). Before and after AVR, PWV values were compared through paired tests. The associations of PWV with clinical data were studied and linear regression models were applied to estimate pre and postoperative PWV independent predictors. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: We included 150 patients in the sample, with mean age of 72±8 years, and 51% being males. We found a statistically significant increase in PWV values after surgery (9.0±2.1 m/s vs. 9.9±2.2, p<0.001, before and after AVR, respectively) and an inverse association with AS severity variables. In the linear regression model, age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were established as independent predictors of higher pre- and postoperative PWV, while higher mean valvular gradient emerged as a determinant of lower pre-AVR PWV. Conclusion: We documented an inverse correlation of arterial stiffness with the severity of AS in patients with AS, and a significant increase in PWV values after AVR surgery. Advanced age and higher SBP were associated with higher PWV values, although arterial function measurements were within the normal range. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3):475-482)

Pressão arterial central e risco cardiovascular / Central blood pressure and cardiovascular risk

Pressão Central, como o nome indica, é uma medida hemodinâmica semelhante a pressão arterial convencional porém avaliada de forma indireta por equipamento especifico, que avalia estes parâmetros na saída do sangue na raiz da aorta. Esta medida tem uma maior confiabilidade pois prediz de forma mais acurada os riscos de adoecimento e morte cardiovascular. Isto ocorre, pois a a onda de pulso (OP) ao percorrer os trajetos arteriais sofrem ampliações e importantes modificações no seu contorno deformando o valor original. Embora seja mais precisa em valores, ainda não é usado de rotina na pratica clinica por razoes de custos dos seus equipamentos e provavelmente por exigir habilidades maiores que as medidas captadas pelo equipamentos de mensuração periférica

Central pressure, as the name implies, is a hemodynamic measure similar to conventional blood pressure, but indirectly assessed by specific equipment, which evaluates these parameters at the blood outlet at the root of the aorta. This measure has greater confidence because it more accurately predicts the risks of cardiovascular disease and death. This occurs because the pulse wave (OP) when traversing the arterial paths provides enlargements and modifications in its contour, deforming the original value. Although it is more precise in terms of values, it is not yet routinely used in clinical practice for reasons of the cost of its equipment and probably because it requires greater needs than measures captured by peripheral measurement equipment

Avaliação de Padrões Pressóricos Dipper e Não-Dipper e Qualidade de Vida entre Pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica / Evaluation of Dipper and Non-dipper Blood Pressure Patterns and Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Resumo Fundamento O padrão pressórico não-dipper é definido por uma redução inferior a 10% na pressão arterial noturna e está associado a doenças cardiovasculares. Acredita-se que a inflamação desempenhe um papel na patogênese da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e no padrão pressórico não-dipper e ambas as doenças estão associadas a uma qualidade de vida mais baixa. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar os efeitos do padrão pressórico não-dipper em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal incluindo 142 pacientes com DPOC. O Questionário Respiratório de Saint George e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida Euro foram utilizados para a coleta de dados. Para entender a rigidez arterial, o índice de aumento e a velocidade da onda de pulso foram medidos; subsequentemente, foi realizada a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial de 24 horas. Foi aplicado um modelo de regressão logística multivariável para entender a relação entre as diferentes variáveis independentes e o padrão pressórico. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p inferiores a 0,05. Resultados Como resultado, 76,1% (n = 108) dos pacientes apresentaram o padrão pressórico não-dipper. Os pacientes com padrão não-dipper apresentaram valores mais altos de proteína C reativa (OR: 1,123; IC 95%: 1,016;1,242), índice de aumento (OR: 1,057; IC 95%: 1,011;1,105) e pontuação total no Questionário Respiratório de Saint George (OR: 1,021; IC 95%: 1,001;1,042), em comparação com os pacientes com padrão dipper. Adicionalmente, com o aumento do número de pessoas que habitavam o domicílio, verificou-se que o padrão pressórico não-dipper era mais frequente (OR: 1,339; IC 95%:1,009;1,777). Conclusão O padrão pressórico não-dipper pode aumentar o risco cardiovascular ao desencadear a inflamação e pode afetar adversamente o prognóstico da DPOC diminuindo a qualidade de vida relacionada à doença. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background Non-dipper blood pressure is defined by less than a 10% reduction in nighttime blood pressure, and it is associated with cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-dipper blood pressure pattern, and both diseases are associated with lower quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of non-dipper blood pressure pattern in patients with COPD. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 142 patients with COPD. The Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire and the Euro Quality of Life Scale were used to collect data. To understand arterial stiffness, the augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were measured, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was subsequently performed. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to understand the relationship between different independent variables and blood pressure pattern. P values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results As a result, 76.1% (n = 108) of the patients had non-dipper blood pressure pattern. Non-dipper patients had higher C-reactive protein (OR:1.123; 95% CI:1.016;1.242), augmentation index (OR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.011;1.105) and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire total score (OR: 1.021; 95% CI: 1.001;1.042) than dipper patients. Also, as the number of people living at home increased, non-dipper blood pressure pattern was found to be more frequent (OR: 1.339; 95% CI: 1.009;1.777). Conclusion Non-dipper blood pressure pattern may increase cardiovascular risk by triggering inflammation and may adversely affect the prognosis of COPD by lowering the disease-related quality of life. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

The effects of basketball and soccer training on arterial stiffness / Efeitos do treinamento de basquetebol e futebol sobre a rigidez arterial / Efectos del entrenamiento de básquetbol y fútbol sobre la rigidez arterial

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to examine arterial stiffness in elite basketball and soccer athletes by pulse wave velocity. Methods The cohort comprised 35 healthy male volunteers aged 17 to 26 years. All the subjects were either basketball players (n=9), soccer players (n=12) or sedentary controls (n=14). Arterial stiffness was measured by the Pulse Trace System (Micro Medical Ltd., Rochester, UK) and echocardiographic images were taken using a commercially available machine (Vivid 7 GE-Vingmed, Horten, Norway) with a 2.5 MHz transducer. Results The basketball players had significantly higher heights and body weights as compared to both the soccer players and the controls. The aortic elastic properties derived from the echocardiographic measurements did not differ between the groups. The peripheral pulse wave velocity measurements showed significantly lower values both in the basketball and soccer players compared to the controls, whereas the central pulse wave velocity measurement was significantly lower only in the basketball players as compared to the controls. No significant difference was seen between the basketball and soccer players. Conclusions The results of this study show that football and basketball exercises comprised of aerobic, anaerobic, endurance balance-coordination and sport-specific training play a role in reducing arterial stiffness. Level of evidence I; type of study: prognostic study.

RESUMO Objetivo O propósito deste estudo foi examinar a rigidez arterial em atletas de basquetebol e futebol medindo a velocidade da onda do pulso. Métodos A coorte foi composta por 35 voluntários saudáveis do sexo masculino, com idade entre 17 a 26 anos. Os participantes eram jogadores de basquetebol (n = 9), jogadores de futebol (n = 12) e controles sedentários (n = 14). A rigidez arterial foi medida com o Pulse Trace System (Micro Medical Ltd., Rochester, Reino Unido) e as imagens ecocardiográficas foram obtidas com um aparelho disponível no mercado, com transdutor de 2,5 MHz (Vivid 7 GE-Vingmed, Horten, Noruega). Resultados Os jogadores de basquetebol tinham estatura e peso corporal consideravelmente superiores aos dos jogadores de futebol e aos controles. As propriedades elásticas aórticas derivadas das medicas ecocardiográficas não diferiram entre os grupos. A velocidade da onda de pulso periférico foi significativamente menor nos jogadores de basquetebol e futebol em comparação com os controles, enquanto os jogadores de basquetebol tiveram velocidade da onda do pulso central consideravelmente menor que os controles. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os jogadores de basquetebol e os de futebol. Conclusões Os resultados deste estudo mostram que os exercícios de treinamento de futebol e basquetebol: aeróbicos, anaeróbicos, de resistência, de coordenação e equilíbrio e os treinamentos específicos de cada esporte têm um papel importante na redução da rigidez arterial. Nível de Evidência I, Estudo prognóstico.

RESUMEN Objetivo El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la rigidez arterial en atletas de básquetbol y fútbol midiendo la velocidad de onda de pulso. Métodos La cohorte fue compuesta por 35 voluntarios saludables del sexo masculino, con edad entre 17 y 26 años. Los participantes eran jugadores de básquetbol (n=9), jugadores de fútbol (n=12) y controles sedentarios (n=14). La rigidez arterial fue medida con Pulse Trace System (Micro Medical Ltd., Rochester, Reino Unido) y las imágenes ecocardiográficas fueron obtenidas con un aparato disponible en el mercado, con transductor de 2,5 MHz (Vivid 7 GE-Vingmed, Horten, Noruega). Resultados Los jugadores de básquetbol tenían estatura y peso corporal considerablemente superiores a los de los jugadores de fútbol y a los de los controles. Las propiedades elásticas aórticas derivadas de las medidas ecocardiográficas no difirieron entre los grupos. La velocidad de onda de pulso periférico fue significativamente menor en los jugadores de básquetbol y fútbol en comparación con los controles, mientras que los jugadores de básquetbol tuvieron velocidad de onda de pulso central considerablemente menor que los controles. No se observó diferencia significativa entre los jugadores de básquetbol y los de fútbol. Conclusiones Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los ejercicios de entrenamiento de fútbol y básquetbol: aeróbicos, anaeróbicos, de resistencia, de coordinación y equilibrio y los entrenamientos específicos de cada deporte tienen un papel importante en la reducción de la rigidez arterial. Nivel de Evidencia I, Estudio pronóstico.